Testing is a crucial part of the software development lifecycle, ensuring that the software meets the required quality standards and functions as expected. Here are the basic principles related to testing:
1. Exhaustive Testing is Impossible
- It is not feasible to test all possible combinations of inputs and scenarios.
- Focus on risk-based and priority-based testing to cover the most critical areas.
2. Defect Clustering
- A small number of modules contain most of the defects discovered.
- Prioritize testing efforts on these modules to find and fix defects efficiently.
3. Pesticide Paradox
- Repeating the same tests will eventually stop finding new defects.
- Regularly review and update test cases to include new scenarios and approaches.
4. Testing Shows Presence of Defects
- Testing can show that defects are present, but it cannot prove that there are no defects.
- Aim to reduce the number of defects but acknowledge that some may still exist.
5. Early Testing
- Start testing activities as early as possible in the software development lifecycle.
- Early detection of defects is cheaper and easier to fix.
6. Testing is Context-Dependent
- Different software applications require different testing approaches.
- Tailor testing strategies based on the context, such as the application type, business requirements, and risk levels.
7. Absence-of-Errors Fallacy
- Finding and fixing a large number of defects does not guarantee that the system is usable.
- Ensure that the software meets the users’ needs and expectations.
